Archetypal images and patterns are some of the key points in applying Jungian criticism. Follow this link to get an excellent example of Jungian criticism in literature.
http://www.ljhammond.com/phlit/burke.htm
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retno dina s
052154044
reguler
after listened to your explanation at the class about persona and shadow. i then remember what my friend said to me.he is a skinhead.
he said: man shouldn't live with any kind of mask to hide him/her self. just let the society know what we really are,and dont pretend about it, even if we have to show our darkest side. men have to live with honesty ,and dont follow the others just to be exist or accepted.it's just a deceitful comfort feeling. live with your own system.dont compromise
then i asked him back: when people live with their own system without compromising each other, clash will be the result.
then he answered: clash is what we really need now
from your explanation,mam, i conclude that persona is how to compromise. a tool for man to run him/herself between the complex life.leaving the shadow behind. so everything will be in order. but as far as i remembered, you didnt said about the possibility of clash that can be happened when people refuse to use their persona.
is there any explanation from jung about the clash?
could it have any chance to be happened in a literary work?
thank you
Assalamualaikum...!!!
Our Group's Comment on Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" ; A Metaphor of Jungian Psychology
Members of Groups :
1. Puji Purnama (052154004)
2. Zeinul Isbat (052154009)
3. Fibria Cahyani (052154017)
4. Sufie N. Arifah(052154018)
5. Rio Febriannur R(052154227)
As the purpose of Jung's theory, that is to integrate conscious mind and unconscious mind, in order to create balance and unity in human's psyche ; Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" quite represents and symbolically depicts three parts of human psyche; its ego, shadow, and anima.
Marlow's journey to Africa, as described in the article is a symbol. Symbol of a man who is doing "self discovery" or the individuation process to make himself "whole". Africa is the symbol or the topology of human's mind. Which is calling forth something lost in the psychology of them. As described in first page of the article, "Africa will always be the blank unexplored continent in the shape of human heart".
In this story, Marlow meets the other 2 parts of himself: his shadow and his anima. He has to recognize them well first and then he should unite them with his ego. Because the goal of his journey is the "individuation".
Marlow, the main character is the symbol of "the self" or "ego". In Jungian theory, ego is the part which has the duty to make the other parts balance. Ego is the controller of all. In this story, mostly Marlow is the decision-maker. Because this is "his journey to individuation". Individuation is the condition where the conscious mind and unconscious mind are integrated. And at that condition, human's psyche is considered as "healthy" and "whole". Or he has already individuated.
The other character that is mentioned in this story is Kurtz. Kurtz is the symbol of "shadow". Shadow is the negative side of human's psyche. And as the ego, Marlow has to integrate his ego and his shadow. Because the process of individuation a man should not deny or repress his shadow. But he should confess it, integrate it with the other parts of his psyche, and make them balance. Those things are important to be done to make human's psyche united as a strong unity. A strong unity means a complete and healthy personality.
In this novel, Kurtz is died. It means the (wild) shadow inside Marlow is destroyed. His wild shadow destroys itself. This could be a symbol that his shadow is now merged with his ego. So, the shadow is not "died" or disappeared. But it is a part of unity in Marlow's self. It is symbolized when Marlow goes ashore to reclaim back Kurtz and to take him back to London. He finally realizes and confess his shadow and unite it with himself.
In the journey to reach the health and whole personality (being individuated), a man should undergo some obstacles in his journey, as Marlow does. And a man is succeed when he can handle them and formed the health personality inside.
:)
wassalamualaikum, bu tiwik...
DIAN NOVARINA H 052154006
RATIH WIJAYANTI 052154007
LUBAIBATUL HUMAIDAH 052154008
VIVI IRMAWATI 052154010
M. COIRUL ASHAR 052154237
In this article which is written by Collen Burke, he tries to discover Jung's theory and Joseph Conrad's "The Heart of Darkness". In case, Joseph Conrad creates the narrator in the story named Charlie Marlow. This article exposes a psycho-geography of the collective unconscious. In entangling metaphoric realities of the serpentine Chicago. Conrad's novel descends into the unknowable darkness of the heart of Africa, taking its narrator, Charlie Marlow, on an underworld journey of individuation. Ego dissolves into soul as, in the interior, Marlow encounters his double thing in the powerful image of ivory-obsessed Kurtz, the dark shadow of European imperialism. Furthermore, Joseph Conrad's "The Heart of Darkness" wrote this master work between 1898 and 1899 presents a literary metaphor of Jungian psychology.
This paper explores the dark territory of Conrad's "Heart of darkness" as metaphor for the Jungian concepts of the personal and the collective unconscious, as a journey of individuation, a meeting with anima, an encounter with the shadow, and a descent into the the mythic underworld. There are some similarities in drawing the story between Marlow's journey to Africa in the novel with Jung's journey to Africa. So there is a connection among Joseph Conrad-Charlie Marlow-Jung. Let us elaborate in this case, actually Joseph Conrad wants to depict and portray Jung's experience through Charlie Marlow. based on Graham Greene, " will always be the Africa in the Victorian atlas, the blank unexploded continent in the shape of the human heart." The African's heart described by Greene "acquired a new layer of meaning when Conrad portrayed the Congo under King Leopold as the heart of darkness, a place where barbarism triumphs over humanity, nature over technology, biology over culture, id over super ego. Marlow and Jung have the same image of Africa. Thus Africa has become a topology of the mind, its location, its shape, its culture, its texture, its rhythms, its foliage, its hues, its wildness. All call forth something lost in the psychology of the white European. It is an understanding of our destiny to explore that symbolic lost continent within ourselves that we can begin to appreciate the prescience of Jungian psychology in Conrad's "The heart of Darkness."
The main thing in this article is whether the narrator, Charlie Marlow pass event by event especially his journey to Africa is the same experience as Jung's had done. Conrad in his novel actually wants to apply Jung's theory in his literary works. Every scene in this novel shows Jung in actual life during his journey to Africa. In this article, the writer Collen Burke show similarities are about dreams, de javu, experience and image. Based on Jung's theory, this novel represent Marlow's shadow, persona and anima. Marlow finds his shadow in Mr. Kurtz. The word "shadow" is used frequently throughout the novel sometimes capitalized as the personification materializes and as the concept of the shadow is explored and confronted when the pilgrims first carry Kurtz on a stretcher out of his cabin. Marlow describes Kurtz, observing "this shadow looked satiated and calm. When Marlow later discovers Kurtz missing from his steamer cabin and determines to find and capture him on shore, he comments ," I was anxious to deal with this shadow by myself alone. In this case, Jung could describe the character of Kurtz. In jOseph Conrad's "The heart of Darkness" Jung;s theory of archetypal is applied. We can see from the share image about Africa,dreams and de javu. Jung said taht he has his de javu when he goes to Africa. In Marlow who refers to his boatload of pilgrims as "wanderers on a prehistoric earth", on an earth that wore the aspect of an unknown planet.About dreams, Jung recognizes this same primitive vitality of the shadow in his analysis of his North African dreams. Jung's dreams prove a deep resonance with Kurtz psychological disintegration into his savage shadow self. Here we can take the anima of Conrad through Mr. Kurtz. She {refers to anima} is feminine soul of the wild, Kurtz' savage consord, a queen of the underworld and black Madonna of the Congo. She is anima, and she is magnificent.
Finally, anima and shadow, individuation and the journey, to the heart of the personal and collective unconscious are thus illuminated in the dark meditation of the heart of darkness. In short, Conrad's novel has become as a literary metaphor of the psychological concepts of Carl Jung.
That's all. Thank you......
"The Heart of Darkness"
By:
Alifiah Ihtiarini 052154001
Adrianne Ratna 052154019
Yanti Rahayuningsih 052154025
Jungian psychoanalysis depicted in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is mainly about the individuation process of Charlie Marlow. His journey to Africa, the unknown “Black” Continent at that time is actually his journey to reach individuation. Africa is the archetype of Marlow’s unconscious mind, as he has never been there before (that Africa is unknown to him). As he is landing on the land penetrating his unconscious mind, there he meets Kurtz, and the Black African. In getting to know Kurtz and Black African, Marlow is actually getting to know his shadow and persona. Kurtz reflects the common European he has a fair complexion and “civilized” manner. On the contrary, the African has very dark complexion with painted face and “uncivilized” manner. In the process Marlow decided that Kurtz is the “uncivilized” person and Africa is the good person. Marlow learns that shadow must be reflected onside one’s self, just like the African. The physical appearances suggest ugliness and cruelty but their hearts reflect beauty and friendliness. In the process of individuation, this step means to bring shadow out of unconscious mind and put it in conscious mind. The next step is to defeat the shadow. Kurtz as Marlow’s shadow ends up death. In his last word, he says, “The horror! The horror!” this means Kurtz with all his dark side has been defeated.
Muhammad Solikin ( 052154016 )
Cahyo Dwi R ( 052154021 )
Djarot Putro R ( 052154022 )
Imam Hanafi ( 052154026 )
JOSEPH CONRAD’S “HEARTH OF DARKNESS”
A METAPHOR OF JUNGIAN PSYCHOLOGY
Hearth of darkness is about a journey of individuation, either for Marlow or for Conrad. This story is based on the journey of Conrad to the Congo: eight and a half years before writing the book, he had gone to serve as the captain of a Congo steamer. However, upon arriving in the Congo, he found his steamer damaged and under repair. He soon became ill and returned to Europe before ever serving as captain. These experiences unconsciously influenced this novel. Marlow as the main character do the journey in order to find his individuation. In the process, he meets with the anima, encounter with his shadow that reflected on Kurtz. There is quotation that shows the Marlow’s anima that happens in the shore “she walked with measured steps…treading the earth proudly…” we know that an anima is a male feminist side. And do something with emotion is a kind of anima. There is also an anima that reflected on Kurtz, he is not sure whether he has to leave the tribe or stay. Before he does the heroism in order to save Kurtz, he heard that Kurtz has quite a reputation in many areas of expertise. He is somewhat of a rogue ivory collector, as well as a skilled painter. But after he meet Kurtz’s right handed, he knows that Kurtz has taken over tribes of Africans and had used them to make war on other tribes for their ivory. According to Marlow that is bad attitude, but he denies that Kurtz is his shadow. That recognize or not he is also has that attitude.
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After our group read the article, we conclude that Colleen Burke Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness A metaphor of Jungian Psychology is quite right.
This paper explores about the dark territory of Conrad's Heart of Darkness as a metaphor for the jungian concepts of the personal and the collective unconscious, as a journey of individuation, ameeting with the anima , an encounter with the shadow, and a descent into the mythic underworld.
The Heart of Darkness tells the story of a night sea journey of exploration and self discovery of its narrator, Marlow, a European able to see himself and " civilazation" more clearly against the dark backdrop of the centre of the death.
About the dream, Marlow and Jung have the same dream of african experience, both Jung and Conrad experienced Africa as a dreamscape, slipping from the physical to the metaphoric in a trance- like state. Jung writes " ..I no longer knew wether I had been transported from reality from reality into dream or from adream to reality. Similarly Conrad's narrator Marlow expresses the dreamlike quality of his narrative , " It seems to me I am trying to tell you a dream - making a vain attempt, because no relation of a dream can convey the dream sensation...". And both conrad's narrator in the novella and Jung in his actual journey observed the phenomenon of time seeming to move backward as they travel into africa. For the example: Jung journals, " the deeper we penetrate into the Sahara, the more time slowed down for me, it even threatned to move backward ". While Marlow observe " Going up the river was like traveling back to the earliest beginnings of the world, when vegetation rioted on the earth and the big trees were kings".
also, talking about share feeling of de ja vu, Jung has this experience, when he arrives in Africa, he feels that he ever knew that place.It can be seen when he writes, " I had the feeling that I had already experienced this moment and had always known this world which was separated from me only by distance in time...."
while Marlow said " We could have fancied ourselves the first men taking possesion of an accursed inheritance...we could not understand because we were too far and could not remember , because we were traveling in the night of the first ages that are gone, leaving hardly a sign--and no memories..." Both Jung and Marlow has the same thinking about entering African continent, writes Jung, The people ran around in a great state of excitement, shouting, and gesticulating. They looked savage and rather alarming. Similarly, Conrad, through Marlow, records, " a burst of yells, a whirl of black limbs, a mass of hands clapping, of feet stamping, of bodies swaying, of eyes rolling..."One of the archetypes of the collective unconscious is what Jung call with the shadow,the innate propensity for evil resident in the depths of human nature, " the negative side of the personality ", as Jung said, " The sum of all those unpleasant qualities we like to hide". Spivack makes the following points : the word Shadow itself ia a reflectionof reality rather than substantial reality.for the example, Kurtz is not only the personal shadow of Marlow but the collective shadow of all Europe of European imperialism, the powerful image of ivory- obsessed.
Also, Kurtz has anima in his personslity,,the feminint shadow aspect of his personality. For our hero, Marlow, it is time to encounter the feminine shadow as well, skeletal shade of Kurtz on board streamer, the personification of anima appears on the shore: She walked with measured step, draped in striped and fringed clothes...Conrad and Jung have the same experience about underworld,it can be seen when Conrad when Frederick said that Conrad's life as a descent " into his own kind of darkness"and observed that Conrad's creative imagination carried him " down not only into memory but into the very chaos and extravagance of the unconscious...Stalled, deppressed, ill, he had touch bottom and had , in his own way, found his subject matter".Similarry, Jung experienced his own psychological crisis " which he referred to as his personal descent to the underworl , during which the Myths he lived by were revealed as the basis for all his future works".So, One might conclude that Jung, Conrad, and Marlow and even Kurtz took heroic journeys to underworld
from the explanation above, we can conclude that the theory of Jung's concep of of the personal and the collective unconsciuous, as a journey of individuation,a meeting with anima are implemented good enough in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness.
Yuniar Siregar (052154011)
Vitra Amaylia Roestiono (052154012)
Pramesi Lokaprasidha (052154013)
Devi Puspita Ratih (052154014)
the purpose of the article is to explores the Junginian concepts of the personal and the collective unconscious, as a journey of individuation, a meeting with anima, an encounter with the shadow, and a decent mythic to the underworld.
A. as a journey of individuation
Africa in the novella written by Joseph Conrad is not the real Africa. It is the symbol, Graham Greene wrote “will always be Africa in the Victorian atlas, the blank unexplored continent in the shape of the human heart”. Africa the Heart of Darkness, a place where barbarism triumphs over humanity, nature over technology, biology over culture, id over super ego.
Marlow's journey to Africa became a journey of individuation because he could encounter his shadow and meet his anima.
B. as a meeting with anima
the anima of Marlow are the African woman he they met in Africa, and also the fiancee of Kurtz. The two anima have different character. the queen is tenebrous and passionate, while Kurtz fiancee is just like an avatar of Peresphone
C. encounter the shadow
As Jungian said, person who doesn’t yet acquainted with his shadow he is in danger of refocusing the world into the replica of his unknown face. It means that person should know and realize his own shadow well to complete and make the balance of his own perfect life.
In The Heart of Darkness, there are two types of shadow. First is personal shadow. The personal shadow of Marlow is Kurtz, Marlow’s diabolic double of the interior. And the second shadow Kurtz as the collective shadow of all of Europe and of European imperialism. As Marlow succinctly states, “ All of Europe contributed to the making of Kurtz”.(45)
D. a decent mythic to the underworld
Jung and Marlow has same experience of self unconsciousness as european during their journey in Africa. the journey in Africa give a picture that everything seeming move backward. this can be assume that all European actually has same descent mythical underworld that is when they come to Africa they will find that in Africa it seems that they go back to the primitive one which they did not acknowledge and try to deny it when they in Europe.
- Africa as the mythic underworld
For Jung the mythic underworld is when he finally find that archetypal will be used for all his work;
for conrad the mythic underworld is when he found the point of his novella "Heart of darkness"; For Kurtz the mythic underworldis when he found "THeHOrror! The horror!"; For Marlow the mythic underworld is when he realize that Kurtz is his own shadow
mam, we know that this is far away from a perfect summary, because it is not easy for us to understand the article. we hope we can understand it better on your next lecturer...
Riris Dyah H. 052154216
Ratih Rahmasari 052154225
Non reguler
Hearth of Darkness
by Joseph Conrad
In application of Jungian theory
This novel exposes the myth behind consolation whilst exploring the three levels of darkness that the protagonist, Marlow, encounters the darkness of the Congo wilderness, the darkness of the European's cruel treatment of the natives and the unfathomable darkness within every human being for committing heinous acts of evil.
As Marlow finally learn about mankind we found that men in inherently evil. and his evil is only masked by civilization. just like Carl Jung said there are three parts of self : shadow, persona, and anima. in this case Marlow has found that a man has shadow and persona. it means that the personality of men may change if they live far from civilization. it's because a man tend to be a person tend to be a person who can be accepted by society (this is what Jung called Persona). in fact, a person also has Shadow, the personal attributes and elements man tend to project it on less favour because of the societal disapproval.
As Marlow feeling dejavu, man can't avoid unconsciousness.Jung said that the ego has collective unconscious to which contains symbols, memory, and dreams. people often dream but mostly it has little or no personal meaning. nevertheless, Jung observed that it often become an emotional charge he convinced this material was a pool of experience accessible to all human which lies below the personal unconscious. As Marlow met the Russian fool at the inner station, he said "He looked like a harlequin". actually his commenting about harlequin is stated spontaneously when he looked his colourfull patches. marlow's memory started to wandered the same object he ever met as the russian looks like.
From most of his works, Conrad seems raising the psychological problems of the main character. it can be seen in the story itself which actually his own experiences in Congo. Eight and a half years before writing his books, he had gone to serve as the captain of the Congo steamer (www.wikipedia.com). most of his own experiences are depicted in this story. another his own novel is Lord Jim. in here, there is also a character of Marlow but they are in the different story. here, we can see that Conrad unconsciously applicated his own character in Marlow's.
The brief summary:
This story is telling about Marlow's going to Congo Africa because of his aunt willing to replace the previous captain who died because of murder. there, he ordered to pick Kurtz, one of the best the ivory traders the company has. it is said that Kurtz has become ill and the company doesn't want to lose him because of his high productivity in obtaining ivory. when he went to inner station to pick Kurtz, Marlow is frightened by the savages who attach him and his men. later on, he knew that Kurtz the one that ordered the attack on the steamboat so that they could not take him back to England. Kurtz tried to escape the native but Marlow cathced him and took him back to the steamboat head back to England but while on the river Kurtz died.
Thank You
1. Peny Puspa I. (052154002)
2. Savina (052154005)
3. Agustina W. (052154020)
4. Sulastri (052154024)
JOSEPH CONRAD’S HEART OF DARKNESS: A METAPHOR OF JUNGIAN PSYCHOLOGY
The novel Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad is basically a journey of self individuation. This novel has revealed the theory of Carl Jung about the shadow, the anima, and the ego. Marlow and Jung is both European. As European, Marlow is able to see himself and is more civilized than the people in Africa. But both Marlow and Jung recognized that their travel to Africa is an opportunity to discover a lost aspect of the self, his invisible and unconscious parts. Jung even ever stated that he unconsciously wanted to find a part of his personality which had become invisible under the influence and the pressure of being European. He also thinks that Europe is the mother of all demons. Both Marlow and Jung experienced Africa as a dreamscape, from this remote continent, they can feel liberation for being happy because they can expand their enthusiasm about primeval life, all the things that they cannot gain in Europe.
Even though Jung has experienced in real life and Marlow in Conrad’s fictional tale, they also have a similar description of primitive wildness in the inside. Both of them must meet “the truth”, which is meant the shadow. The darkness that always pressed by European people. But through Africans, the shadow of themselves can be shown “outside”. When Marlow witness the people in Africa, they run around in great state of excitement, shouting, making horrible faces, they look savage and uncontrolled. Marlow has unconsciously seen his own reflection in the wilderness and foreshadows based on Jungian concept of shadow, which is Kurtz. Kurtz is not only the personal shadow of Marlow but also the shadow of all European people. In this case, every people realize that they have a bad side, which means their darkness. The negative side of the personality is always hidden from the outside. To become conscious the shadow has to face the ego. But Kurtz is disable to fight with his ego, that is why at the end of his life, he dies with his darkness by the saying “The Horror! The Horror!”. Based on Jung theory to become a complete and healthy person, he must open his unconscious mind to confront with his conscious mind. In this story it happens to Marlow, so when he leaves Africa and backs to London, he finally becomes a complete person.
Jung explains “the inner personality is the way one behaves in relation to one’s inner psychic process; it is the inner attitude, the characteristic face that is turned towards the unconscious, the inner attitude, the inward face, I called anima.” In the Heart of Darkness, the anima is found in Kurtz. The anima itself consorts with Kurtz’s shadow. But Kurtz unable to see his anima, because he does not find his unconscious mind. In the other side, Marlow capable to see Kurtz’s anima. Marlow can describes Kurtz’s anima as wild, strong, dark, and primitive. She is the feminine soul of the wild, the reflection of the soul of the wilderness, Kurtz’s savage companion. The anima here is not the confrontation with the shadow but making the darkness conscious. Even though Kurtz is Marlow’s shadow, but “that darkness” has a heart. This heart can be meant by Kurtz anima.
Dewi cahyuningtyas
052154243
English Literature 05/Nonreg
Comment on comment by Puji Purnama's group
I think their comment is not appropriate with the assignment that you give, since they only explain what is the meaning of Jungian theory and the relation with the novel itself. They didn't mention their comment on the article, is the Jungian theory is well-implemented or not. From the first paragraph of their comment, they only mentioned about the characterization of Marlow, and what he has done during his entire life. Although they put a brief description and relation with the Jungian theory, but still it is not a good one, because there are no explanation whether the Jungian theory is well-implemented in the article or not. And I think, with all my respect to Puji's group, my group's assignment is better because we already give our comment to the article "The application of psychoanalysis on Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre".
i guess this room more than for submitting TOL class assignments. it is for sharing and helping. completing each other information and filling the empty voids of curiousity.
i love to read the postings and links in every room of this blog because they improve my knowledge, whether the postings is good or not good(who knows which postings,analysis,article labeled good or bad.this is our own work and we proud of this, so the best claim is good.at least for the author).
we are running the same line called being better and better.right or wrong is not the main point, cos we keep on trying to work on the business.
if my sister dewi has better analysis for '"Heart of Darkness" ; A Metaphor of Jungian Psychology', would you give comment for the topic above?
let's off to main purpose...
mam, i try to understand that freud and jung are teacher and pupil. i also try to understand why jung split away from the teacher.
yes i came late for the class yesterday, so i missed the information about personal unconsciousness and collective unconsciousness. but, still, i say i try to understand and follow about this jungian.
and this is my own understanding (without any guidance or supervising, only print out from internet):
1.that jung still have the same opinion with freud about repression. what is repressed to unconscious mind is unfulfilled desires.
2. the unfulfilled desired whichis repressed to unconscious mind according to jung is the SHADOW.
why?
because the shadow is something rejeected from ourselves.
that's why we use PERSONA to cover it.
that's the reason why someone will get his individuation after he can accept the shadow as part of himself.
are those my thoughts right, mam? or still i dont get anything of jungian?
it's a big pleasure if you answer my confussion because now i'm working on this topic for seminar class
thank you
Nestiani Hutami
052154033
reguler
Comment to Riris Dyah's summary
after listening and paying attention to the explanation at the class about Jungian theory and also reading Riris Dyah's summary, i think hers is appropriate.
the persona one has will always change anywhere and anytime. it is described in Riris Dyah's that the character, Marlow, who has a journey to Africa is changing his persona, so that he can be accepted by people around him.
then the shadow that Marlow has is unconsciously coming up when the persona he shaped doesn't work well. those explanations are appropriate with Jungian theory.
NB: the summary of the story is very useful in guiding me to give this comment.
thank you
since this blog's function is not for fighting (fighting with ideas or fighting physically) i want to give my opinion to dewi cahyuningtyas...about her comment on my group comment.
i think this was "a comment" whatever she may said. whatever its shape, whatever its contents, we think that it is "our comment". this was "our statement". and she has no authority to judge our "thought". but i can't resist if she wants to do "that".
but the point is our group never care to what people may said. as long as our group has done our best to do this assignment. if she wants to give an opinion/critics,whatever and whatever to us, please give it on our blog directly.
thank you
_puji's group_
zeinul isbat
reguler
im working on no one side. i'm neutral to day for my own goodness. i'd like to say some words to the jungian criticism in
conrad's heart of darkness.i'm still confused with that critic.could it be applied to the author unconsciousness in this case joseph conrad him-self?then would jungian and freudian criticism be the same if apply it to the author unconsciousness in the dark of darkness??
pleas anyone give comment to these question!
thanks!!!
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